Cancer treatments/Application of CRISPR–Cas9 technology in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with TP53 mutations

Key Points: Genetic correction target-specific cRNA, Target genomic locus PAM, tracrCas9 RNA, non-homologous, end-joining (NHEJ) non-homologous, end-joining (NHEJ), homology-directed repair (HDR).

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is composed of a short, non-coding gRNA that has two molecular components: a target-specific CRISPR guide RNA (crRNA) and a transactivating helper crRNA (crRNA). The gRNA unit guides the Cas9 nuclease to a specific genomic locus, and the Cas9 protein induces a double-strand break at the specific genomic target sequence. Following CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA cleavage, the double-strand break can be repaired by the cellular repair machinery using either non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair. (Tadic V, Josipovic G, et al. (2019) CRISPR/Cas9-based epigenome editing: An overview of dCas9-based tools with special emphasis on off-target activity. Methods 164-165:109–119, [15].)

Conclusions: The sgRNA unit guides the Cas9 nuclease to a specific genomic locus, and the Cas9 protein induces a double-strand break at the specific genomic target sequence. Following CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA cleavage, the double-strand break can be repaired by the cellular repair machinery using either non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair.

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